Using curl with the --data argument causes curl to POST, but also to send the arguments as part of the body of the request rather than as arguments passed via the URL.
Given the error you're receiving is an MVC routing error stating that the route can't be resolved to an action, I'm guessing the action that you're targeting isn't set up to receive it's parameters from the body of the request.
Try:
curl -d '' http://localhost:49301/api/donut/run?Task=bake